Article Sidebar
-
human resources motivation, incentives, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the ways to motivate volunteers and employees or members from non-governmental sector in order to find out which are the most effective of them and to see if there are differences regarding the motivation depending on the type of organization and the field of activity. The reason for investigating the literature in the field is to see how the contemporary authors have defined the term NGO as well as the concept of motivation.
Methodology: The research described in this paper is based on qualitative research method. Data gathering methods included the document analysis in order to bring some important clarifications on the concept of non-governmental organizations and motivation as well as semi-structured interview in order to identify the ways to motivate human resources from nongovernmental sector.
Findings: The analysis and interpretation of the data highlight that there are differences in the ways of motivating non-governmental sector human resources depending on the field of activity, but not depending on the type of organization. Despite the obstacles encountered, the management of NGOs uses the most effective ways in order to increase the motivation level of volunteers, employees or members.
Research limitation: The limits of this paper come once with the limited number of the interviewees, as well as the types of non-governmental organizations surveyed.
Value of paper: The paper has both theoretical and practical importance, explaining the concepts of NGOs and motivation and analysing the ways of motivating human resources in the non-governmental organizations.
Full text article
References
Adams J. S., 1966. Inequity in social exchange. Advances in experimental social psychology, [e-journal] 2(C), pp. 267-299. Abstract only. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole/3176/Acces ANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 25 April 2013].
Agg C., 2006. Trends in Government Support for Non-Governmental Organizations. Is the “Golden Age” of the NGO Behind Us? [pdf] Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. Available at: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un-dpadm/unpan 040102.pdf [Accessed 28 March 2013].
Alderfer C. P., 1972. Existence, Relatedness, and Growth; Human Needs in Organizational Settings. New York: Free Press.
Ambrose, M. L. and Kulik, C. T., 1999. Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990's, Journal of Management, [e-journal] 25(3), pp.231-292. Available at http://www.uk.sagepub.com/fineman/Reading%20On/ Chapter%2004a%20-%20Ambrose%20and%20Kulik.pdf?origin=publication _detail [Accessed 25 March 2013].
Edwards M. and Hulme D., 1997. NGOs, States and Donors: Too Close for Comfort? Basingstoke: Macmillan and New York: St. Martin's Press.
Fowler A., 1997. Striking a Balance: A guide to enhancing the Effectiveness of Non-Governmental Organizations in International Development. London: Earthscan.
Gagné, M. and Deci E. L., 2005. Self-determination theory and work motivation, Journal of Organizational Behavior, [e-journal] 26, pp.331-362. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole /3176/AccesANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 27 March 2013].
Ginsburg M.B., 1998, "NGOs: What's in an Acronym?", Current Issues in Comparative Educatio. [e-journal] 1(1), pp.29-34. Available at: http://devweb.tc.columbia.edu/i/a/document/25631_1_1_Ginsburg.pdf [Accessed 04 March 2013].
Hailu Senbeta A., 2003. Non-governmental organizations and development with reference to the Benelux countries. [pdf] Louvain-La-Neuve : Université catholique de Louvain. Available at https://www.uclouvain.be/cps/ucl/doc/ sped/documents/dt19.pdf [Accessed 17 April 2013].
Harris J., 1996. Getting employees to fall in love with your company. New York: American Management Association.
Herzberg F., 1959. The Motivation to Work. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Herzberg F., 1987. One More Time: How Do You Motivate Employees? Harvard Business Review, [e-journal] 81(1), pp.87 – 96. Abstract only. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole/3176/ AccesANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 06 March 2013].
Hofstede G., 1980. Motivation, Leadership and Organization: Do American Theories Apply Abroad?, Organizational Dynamics, [e-journal] 9(1), pp.42-63. Available at: http://alangutterman.typepad.com/files/motivation-ldrshp-and-orgn-do-american-theories.pdf [Accessed 05 March 2013].
International Union for Conservation of Nature, 2003. Non-governmental organizations. Available at: http://www.iucn.org/ [Accessed 12 February 2013].
Kanfer, R., 1999. Measuring Health Worker Motivation in Developing Countries. Major Applied Research 5. Working Paper 1. Bethesda, Maryland: Abt Associates Inc.
Kleinginna, P. R. and Kleinginna, A. M., 1981. A Categorized List of Emotion Definitions with Suggestions for a Consensual Definition. Motivation and Emotion, [e-journal] 5(4), pp.345-379. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole/3176/AccesANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 20 March 2013].
Lamb A., 2005. Motivating employees and volunteers. Memphis: Division of Public and Nonprofit Administration, School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy, University of Memphis.
Lewis D., 2009. Nongovernmental Organizations. Definition and History. [pdf] London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Available at http://personal.lse.ac.uk/lewisd/images/encylciv%20societyngos2009-dl.pdf [Accessed 14 March 2013].
Maslow, A. H., 1943. A Theory of Human Motivation, Psychological Review, [e-journal] 50(4), pp.370-396. Abstract only. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole/3176/Acces-ANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 19 February 2013].
McGregor D., 1960. The Human Side of Enterprise. New York: McGraw-Hill.
McClelland D.C., 1961. The achieving society. New York: D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
McClelland D.C., 1988. Human Motivation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Moldoveanu G. and Dobrin C., 2012. Unity of the organizational functions flexibility, Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, [e-journal] 7(3), pp.53-61. Available at: http://www.um.ase.ro/no73/5.pdf [Accessed 03 July 2014].
Mureşan L., 2004. Monitoring Professional Development in an Educational NGO. Bucureşti: Punct.
Păceşilă M., 2014. The relationship between motivational theories and the current practices of motivating NGO’s human resources in Romania. Management Research and Practice, [e-journal] 6(1), pp.5-20. Available at: http://www.mrp.ase.ro/no61/f1.pdf [Accessed 02 April 2014].
Ryan M. and Deci E., 2000. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classical Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, [e-journal] 25(1), pp.54-67. Available at: http://mmrg.pbworks.com/f/Ryan,+ Deci+00.pdf [Accessed 16 April 2013].
Rynes, S., L., Colbert, A. E and Brown, K. G., 2002. “HR Professionals’ Beliefs About Effective Human Resource Practices: Correspondence between Research and Practice”, Human Resource Management, [e-journal] 41(2), pp.149–174. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi. gov.ro/articole/3176/Acces-ANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 20 February 2013].
Salamon, L. and Helmut A.K., 1992. In search of the non-profit sector I: The question of definitions. Voluntas, [e-journal] 3(2), pp.125–151. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole/3176/ Acces-ANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 28 February 2013].
United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 2000. Visible Hands: Taking Responsibility for Social Development. [pdf] Geneva: UNRISD. Available at: http://www.unrisd.org/80256B3C005BCCF9/search /FE9C9439D82B525480256B670065EFA1?OpenDocument [Accessed 15 April 2013].
Vakil A. C., 1997. Confronting the classification problem: toward a taxonomy of NGOs, World Development, [e-journal] 25(12), pp.2057- 2070. Available through: UEFISCDI Website http://uefiscdi.gov.ro/articole/3176/ Acces-ANCS--UEFISCDI.html [Accessed 05 March 2013].
Vroom, V. H., 1964. Work and motivation, San Francisco, C.A.: Jossey-Bass.
Willetts P., 2002. What is a Non-Governmental Organization? London: City University. Available at http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/p.willetts/CS-NTWKS /NGO-ART.HTM [Accessed 08 March 2013].
Authors
This is an open access journal which means that all content is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles in this journal without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access. This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License - http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0.
Authors who publish with the Quality Innovation Prosperity agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.