The Main Benefits of Application of Six Sigma for Productive Excellence
Abstract
Purpose: The present paper addressed the application of the Six Sigma method for process management to reduce the variability and scrap of packages manufactured at a company located in the city of Rio de Janeiro.
Methodology/Approach: Exploratory research was conducted to understand the context, analyse, and create familiarity with the problems identified in the company, making them more explicit.
Findings: Through Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control (DMAIC) the company was able to identify the main causes of customer complaints and the factors that led to these complaints. Using management tools, it was possible to solve the problems with packaging outside the specifications, which was the reason for complaints from customers. The benefits of this research were the identification and analysis of the quality management tools.
Research Limitation/Implication: The present research had as a limitation the application of the method is only one company, so it is proposed as a future study of the application in different production processes of different organizations.
Originality/Value of paper: It was evidenced that there is a positive relationship between the application of Quality management methods and company billing, as there was an increase of 1.7% in company billing. In past surveys, new possibilities for improvement to be addressed emerged, making the team aware of the need to continue the process of continuous improvement.
References
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Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Mathias, M.A.S., Santos, G.M. and de Oliveira, O.J., 2020. How the Knowledge of the Major Researchers Is Forging the Business Strategy Paths: Trends and Forecasts from the State of the Art. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 24(3), pp.1-20. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1404.
Bastas, A. and Liyanage, K., 2018. Sustainable supply chain quality management: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 181, pp.726-744. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.110.
Bravi, L., Murmura, F. and Santos, G., 2019. The ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Standard: Companies’ Drivers, Benefits and Barriers to Its Implementation. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(2), pp.64-82. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i2.1277.
Cardoso, R.P., da Reis, M.J.S., de Sampaio, N.A.S., de Barros, J.G.M., Barbosa, L.C.F.M. and Santos, G., 2022. Sustainable Quality Management: Unfoldings, Trends and Perspectives from the Triple Bottom Line. Proceedings on Engineering Sciences, 4(3), pp.359-370. DOI: 10.24874/PES04.03.013.
Carvalho, F., Santos, G. and Gonçalves, J., 2020. Critical analysis of information about integrated management systems and environmental policy on the Portuguese firms’ website, towards sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, [e-journal] 27(2), pp.1069-1088. DOI: 10.1002/csr.1866.
Chen, Y. and Li, H., 2019. Research on Engineering Quality Management Based on PDCA Cycle. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, [e-journal] 490, p.062033. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/490/6/062033.
Costa, A.R., Barbosa, C., Santos, G. and Alves, M.R., 2019. Six Sigma: Main Metrics and R Based Software for Training Purposes and Practical Industrial Quality Control. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(2), pp.83-100. DOI: 1.12776/qip.v23i2.1278.
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da Silva, H.O.G., Costa, M.C.M., Aguilera, M.V.C., de Almeida, M.G.D., da Fonseca, B.B., da Reis, J.S.M., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Santos, G. and de Sampaio, N.A.S., 2021. Improved Vehicle Painting Process Using Statistical Process Control Tools in an Automobile Industry. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal] 15(4), pp.1251-1268. DOI: 10.24874/IJQR15.04-14.
Daniyan, I., Adeodu, A., Mpofu, K., Maladzhi, R. and Kana-Kana Katumba, M.G., 2022. Application of lean Six Sigma methodology using DMAIC approach for the improvement of bogie assembly process in the railcar industry. Heliyon, [e-journal] 8(3), e09043. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09043.
de Araujo, M.J.F., de Araújo, M.V.F., de Araujo Jr, A.H., de Barros, J.G.M., de Almeida, M.G., da Fonseca, B.B., Reis, J.S.D.M., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Santos, G. and Sampaio, N.A.D.S., 2021. Pollution Credit Certificates Theory: An Analysis on the Quality of Solid Waste Management in Brazil. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 25(3), pp.1-17. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v25i3.1574.
de Sales, J.P., da Reis, J.S.M., de Barros, J.G.M., da Fonseca, B.B., de Junior, A.H.A., da Almeida, M.G.D., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Santos, G. and de Sampaio, N.A.S., 2022. Quality Management in The Contours of Continuous Product Improvement. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal] 16(3), pp.689-702. DOI: 10.24874/IJQR16.03-02.
Doiro, M., Fernández, J.F., Félix, M.J. and Santos, G., 2017. ERP - machining centre integration: a modular kitchen production case study. Procédia Manufacturing, [e-journal] 13, pp.1159-1166. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.178.
Dutta, S. and Jaipuria, S., 2020. Reducing packaging material defects in beverage production line using Six Sigma methodology. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, [e-journal] 12(1), pp.59-82. DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCA.2020.107477.
Fonseca, L.M. and Domingues, J.P., 2018. Empirical Research of the ISO 9001:2015 Transition Process in Portugal: Motivations, Benefits, and Success Factors. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 22(2), pp.16-46. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v22i2.1099.
Hakimi, S., Zahraee, S.M. and Mohd Rohani, J., 2018. Application of Six Sigma DMAIC methodology in plain yogurt production process. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, [e-journal] 9(4), pp.562-578. DOI: 10.1108/IJLSS-11-2016-0069.
Improta, G., Balato, G., Romano, M., Ponsiglione, A.M., Raiola, E., Russo, M.A., Cuccaro, P., Santillo, L.C. and Cesarelli, M., 2017. Improving performances of the knee replacement surgery process by applying DMAIC principles. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, [e-journal] 23(6), pp.1401-1407. DOI: 10.1111/jep.12810.
Ishak, A., Siregar, K., Asfriyati and Naibaho, H., 2019. Quality Control with Six Sigma DMAIC and Grey Failure Mode Effect Anaysis (FMEA) : A Review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, [e-journal] 505(1), p.012057. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/505/1/012057.
Kothari, C.R. and Garg, G., 2019. Research methodology methods and techniques. Nova Deli: New Age International.
Krotov, M. and Mathrani, S., 2017. A Six Sigma Approach Towards Improving Quality Management in Manufacturing of Nutritional Products. In: IEEE, 2017 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Management Science and Application (ICIMSA). Seoul, South Korea. 13-15 June 2017. IEEE. Pp.1–5. DOI: 10.1109/ICIMSA.2017.7985580.
Laureani, A. and Antony, J., 2018. Leadership – a critical success factor for the effective implementation of Lean Six Sigma. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 29(5-6), pp.502-523. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2016.1211480.
Li, D., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Chen, X. and Cao, C., 2018. Impact of quality management on green innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 170, pp.462-470. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.158.
Muraliraj, J., Zailani, S., Kuppusamy, S. and Santha, C., 2018. Annotated methodological review of Lean Six Sigma. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, [e-journal] 9(1), pp.2-49. DOI: 10.1108/IJLSS-04-2017-0028.
Park, S.H., Dahlgaard-Park, S.M. and Kim, D.C., 2020. New Paradigm of Lean Six Sigma in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 24(1), pp.1-16. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i1.1430.
Pereira, A.M.H., Silva, M.R., Domingues, M.A.G. and Sá, J.C., 2019. Lean Six Sigma Approach to Improve the Production Process in the Mould Industry: a Case Study. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(3), pp.103-121. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i3.1334.
Ponsiglione, A.M., Ricciardi, C., Improta, G., Orabona, G.D., Sorrentino, A., Amato, F. and Romano, M., 2021. A Six Sigma DMAIC methodology as a support tool for Health Technology Assessment of two antibiotics. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, [e-journal] 18(4), pp.3469-3490. DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021174.
Rifqi, H., Zamma, A., Ben Souda, S. and Hansali, M., 2021. Lean Manufacturing Implementation through DMAIC Approach: A Case Study in the Automotive Industry. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 25(2), pp.54-77. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v25i2.1576.
Rodrigues, J., Sá, J.C., Silva, F., Ferreira, L. and Santos, G., 2019. Implementation Lean Management "Quick-Wins" – A case study. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(3), pp.3-21. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i3.1291.
Sá, J.C., Barreto, L., Amaral. A., Carvalho. F. and Santos, G., 2019. Perception of the importance to implement ISO 9001 in organizations related to people linked to quality – an empirical study. International Journal of Quality Research [e-journal] 13(4), pp.1055-1070. DOI:10.24874/IJQR13.04-20.
Sá, J.C., Vaz, S., Carvalho, O., Morgado, L., Lima V., Fonseca, L., Doiro, M. and Santos, G., 2020. A model of integration ISO 9001 with Lean six sigma and main benefits achieved. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 33(1-2), pp.218-242. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2020.1829969.
Santos, G., Sá, J.C., Félix, M.J., Barreto, L., Carvalho, F., Doiro, M., Zgodavová, K. and Stefanović, M., 2021. New Needed Quality Management Skills for Quality Managers 4.0. Sustainability, [e-journal] 13, 6149. DOI: 10.3390/su13116149.
Shamsuzzaman, M., Alzeraif, M., Alsyouf, I. and Khoo, M.B.C., 2018. Using Lean Six Sigma to improve mobile order fulfilment process in a telecom service sector. Production Planning & Control, [e-journal] 29(4), pp.301-314. DOI: 10.1080/09537287.2018.1426132.
Sharma, P., Malik, S.C., Gupta, A. and Jha, P.C., 2018. A DMAIC Six Sigma approach to quality improvement in the anodising stage of the amplifier production process. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, [e-journal] 35(9), pp.1868-1880. DOI: 10.1108/IJQRM-08-2017-0155.
Suharno, R.D. and Zagloel, T.Y.M., 2019. Quality Improvement of Lamination Process Results in the Packaging Industry by Using the Six Sigma Method. In: ICIBE, Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering. Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 27-29 September 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM. Pp.243-247. DOI: 10.1145/3364335.3364372.
Teixeira, P., Sá, J.C., Silva, F.J.G., Santos, G., Ferreira, L.P., Fontoura, P., 2021. Connecting lean and green with sustainability towards a conceptual model. Journal Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 322, 129047. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129047.
Yin, R.K., 2017. Case study research: design and methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Yülek, M.A. and Santos, G., 2022. Why Income Gaps Persist: Productivity Gaps, (No-) Catch-up and Industrial Policies in Developing Countries. Journal of Economic Issues, [e-journal] 56(1), pp.158-183. DOI: 10.1080/00213624.2022.2020579.
Zgodavova, K., Lengyel, L. and Golemanov, L.A., 2008. Contribution to the Research and Education of Innovation Engineering and New Product Development at the University. In: M. Iskander, ed., Innovative Techniques in Instruction Technology, E-learning, E-assessment, and Education. Dordrecht: Springer. Pp.261-267. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8739-4_46.
Antony, J. and Kumar, M., 2012. Lean and Six Sigma Methodologies in NHS Scotland: An Empirical Study and Directions for Future Research. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 16(2), pp.19-34. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v16i2.55.
Arafeh, M., Barghash, M.A., Haddad, N., Musharbash, N., Nashawati, D., Al-Bashir, A. and Assaf, F., 2018. Using Six Sigma DMAIC Methodology and Discrete Event Simulation to Reduce Patient Discharge Time in King Hussein Cancer Center. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, [e-journal] 2018, pp.1-18. DOI: 10.1155/2018/3832151.
Barbosa, L.C.F.M., de Oliveira, O.J., Machado, M.C., Morais, A.C.T., Bozola, P.M. and Santos, M.G.F., 2021. Lessons learned from quality management system ISO 9001:2015 certification: practices and barrier identification from Brazilian industrial companies. Benchmarking: An International Journal. [e-journal], 29(8), pp.2593-2614. DOI: 10.1108/BIJ-07-2021-0382.
Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Mathias, M.A.S., Santos, G.M. and de Oliveira, O.J., 2020. How the Knowledge of the Major Researchers Is Forging the Business Strategy Paths: Trends and Forecasts from the State of the Art. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 24(3), pp.1-20. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1404.
Bastas, A. and Liyanage, K., 2018. Sustainable supply chain quality management: A systematic review. Journal of Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 181, pp.726-744. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.01.110.
Bravi, L., Murmura, F. and Santos, G., 2019. The ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System Standard: Companies’ Drivers, Benefits and Barriers to Its Implementation. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(2), pp.64-82. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i2.1277.
Cardoso, R.P., da Reis, M.J.S., de Sampaio, N.A.S., de Barros, J.G.M., Barbosa, L.C.F.M. and Santos, G., 2022. Sustainable Quality Management: Unfoldings, Trends and Perspectives from the Triple Bottom Line. Proceedings on Engineering Sciences, 4(3), pp.359-370. DOI: 10.24874/PES04.03.013.
Carvalho, F., Santos, G. and Gonçalves, J., 2020. Critical analysis of information about integrated management systems and environmental policy on the Portuguese firms’ website, towards sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, [e-journal] 27(2), pp.1069-1088. DOI: 10.1002/csr.1866.
Chen, Y. and Li, H., 2019. Research on Engineering Quality Management Based on PDCA Cycle. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, [e-journal] 490, p.062033. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/490/6/062033.
Costa, A.R., Barbosa, C., Santos, G. and Alves, M.R., 2019. Six Sigma: Main Metrics and R Based Software for Training Purposes and Practical Industrial Quality Control. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(2), pp.83-100. DOI: 1.12776/qip.v23i2.1278.
Costa, T., Silva, F.J.G. and Pinto Ferreira, L., 2017. Improve the extrusion process in tire production using Six Sigma methodology. Procedia Manufacturing, [e-journal] 13, pp.1104-1111. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.171.
da Silva, F.D.O., Reis, J.S.D.M., Espuny, M., de Oliveira, O.J., Barbosa, L.C.F.M. and Santos, G., 2020. Mapping Entrepreneurial Education Instrument for Including Young People in the Economy. In: IRF2020, 7th International Conference Integrity-Reliability-Failure. Funchal, Portugal. 6-10 September 2020. Funchal: INEGI-FEUP. Pp.1025-1026. DOI: 10.29327/118197.7-1.
da Silva, H.O.G., Costa, M.C.M., Aguilera, M.V.C., de Almeida, M.G.D., da Fonseca, B.B., da Reis, J.S.M., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Santos, G. and de Sampaio, N.A.S., 2021. Improved Vehicle Painting Process Using Statistical Process Control Tools in an Automobile Industry. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal] 15(4), pp.1251-1268. DOI: 10.24874/IJQR15.04-14.
Daniyan, I., Adeodu, A., Mpofu, K., Maladzhi, R. and Kana-Kana Katumba, M.G., 2022. Application of lean Six Sigma methodology using DMAIC approach for the improvement of bogie assembly process in the railcar industry. Heliyon, [e-journal] 8(3), e09043. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09043.
de Araujo, M.J.F., de Araújo, M.V.F., de Araujo Jr, A.H., de Barros, J.G.M., de Almeida, M.G., da Fonseca, B.B., Reis, J.S.D.M., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Santos, G. and Sampaio, N.A.D.S., 2021. Pollution Credit Certificates Theory: An Analysis on the Quality of Solid Waste Management in Brazil. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 25(3), pp.1-17. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v25i3.1574.
de Sales, J.P., da Reis, J.S.M., de Barros, J.G.M., da Fonseca, B.B., de Junior, A.H.A., da Almeida, M.G.D., Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Santos, G. and de Sampaio, N.A.S., 2022. Quality Management in The Contours of Continuous Product Improvement. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal] 16(3), pp.689-702. DOI: 10.24874/IJQR16.03-02.
Doiro, M., Fernández, J.F., Félix, M.J. and Santos, G., 2017. ERP - machining centre integration: a modular kitchen production case study. Procédia Manufacturing, [e-journal] 13, pp.1159-1166. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2017.09.178.
Dutta, S. and Jaipuria, S., 2020. Reducing packaging material defects in beverage production line using Six Sigma methodology. International Journal of Six Sigma and Competitive Advantage, [e-journal] 12(1), pp.59-82. DOI: 10.1504/IJSSCA.2020.107477.
Fonseca, L.M. and Domingues, J.P., 2018. Empirical Research of the ISO 9001:2015 Transition Process in Portugal: Motivations, Benefits, and Success Factors. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 22(2), pp.16-46. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v22i2.1099.
Hakimi, S., Zahraee, S.M. and Mohd Rohani, J., 2018. Application of Six Sigma DMAIC methodology in plain yogurt production process. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, [e-journal] 9(4), pp.562-578. DOI: 10.1108/IJLSS-11-2016-0069.
Improta, G., Balato, G., Romano, M., Ponsiglione, A.M., Raiola, E., Russo, M.A., Cuccaro, P., Santillo, L.C. and Cesarelli, M., 2017. Improving performances of the knee replacement surgery process by applying DMAIC principles. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, [e-journal] 23(6), pp.1401-1407. DOI: 10.1111/jep.12810.
Ishak, A., Siregar, K., Asfriyati and Naibaho, H., 2019. Quality Control with Six Sigma DMAIC and Grey Failure Mode Effect Anaysis (FMEA) : A Review. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, [e-journal] 505(1), p.012057. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/505/1/012057.
Kothari, C.R. and Garg, G., 2019. Research methodology methods and techniques. Nova Deli: New Age International.
Krotov, M. and Mathrani, S., 2017. A Six Sigma Approach Towards Improving Quality Management in Manufacturing of Nutritional Products. In: IEEE, 2017 International Conference on Industrial Engineering, Management Science and Application (ICIMSA). Seoul, South Korea. 13-15 June 2017. IEEE. Pp.1–5. DOI: 10.1109/ICIMSA.2017.7985580.
Laureani, A. and Antony, J., 2018. Leadership – a critical success factor for the effective implementation of Lean Six Sigma. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 29(5-6), pp.502-523. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2016.1211480.
Li, D., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L., Chen, X. and Cao, C., 2018. Impact of quality management on green innovation. Journal of Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 170, pp.462-470. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.158.
Muraliraj, J., Zailani, S., Kuppusamy, S. and Santha, C., 2018. Annotated methodological review of Lean Six Sigma. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, [e-journal] 9(1), pp.2-49. DOI: 10.1108/IJLSS-04-2017-0028.
Park, S.H., Dahlgaard-Park, S.M. and Kim, D.C., 2020. New Paradigm of Lean Six Sigma in the 4th Industrial Revolution Era. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 24(1), pp.1-16. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i1.1430.
Pereira, A.M.H., Silva, M.R., Domingues, M.A.G. and Sá, J.C., 2019. Lean Six Sigma Approach to Improve the Production Process in the Mould Industry: a Case Study. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(3), pp.103-121. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i3.1334.
Ponsiglione, A.M., Ricciardi, C., Improta, G., Orabona, G.D., Sorrentino, A., Amato, F. and Romano, M., 2021. A Six Sigma DMAIC methodology as a support tool for Health Technology Assessment of two antibiotics. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, [e-journal] 18(4), pp.3469-3490. DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021174.
Rifqi, H., Zamma, A., Ben Souda, S. and Hansali, M., 2021. Lean Manufacturing Implementation through DMAIC Approach: A Case Study in the Automotive Industry. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 25(2), pp.54-77. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v25i2.1576.
Rodrigues, J., Sá, J.C., Silva, F., Ferreira, L. and Santos, G., 2019. Implementation Lean Management "Quick-Wins" – A case study. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 23(3), pp.3-21. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i3.1291.
Sá, J.C., Barreto, L., Amaral. A., Carvalho. F. and Santos, G., 2019. Perception of the importance to implement ISO 9001 in organizations related to people linked to quality – an empirical study. International Journal of Quality Research [e-journal] 13(4), pp.1055-1070. DOI:10.24874/IJQR13.04-20.
Sá, J.C., Vaz, S., Carvalho, O., Morgado, L., Lima V., Fonseca, L., Doiro, M. and Santos, G., 2020. A model of integration ISO 9001 with Lean six sigma and main benefits achieved. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 33(1-2), pp.218-242. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2020.1829969.
Santos, G., Sá, J.C., Félix, M.J., Barreto, L., Carvalho, F., Doiro, M., Zgodavová, K. and Stefanović, M., 2021. New Needed Quality Management Skills for Quality Managers 4.0. Sustainability, [e-journal] 13, 6149. DOI: 10.3390/su13116149.
Shamsuzzaman, M., Alzeraif, M., Alsyouf, I. and Khoo, M.B.C., 2018. Using Lean Six Sigma to improve mobile order fulfilment process in a telecom service sector. Production Planning & Control, [e-journal] 29(4), pp.301-314. DOI: 10.1080/09537287.2018.1426132.
Sharma, P., Malik, S.C., Gupta, A. and Jha, P.C., 2018. A DMAIC Six Sigma approach to quality improvement in the anodising stage of the amplifier production process. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, [e-journal] 35(9), pp.1868-1880. DOI: 10.1108/IJQRM-08-2017-0155.
Suharno, R.D. and Zagloel, T.Y.M., 2019. Quality Improvement of Lamination Process Results in the Packaging Industry by Using the Six Sigma Method. In: ICIBE, Proceedings of the 2019 5th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering. Hong Kong, Hong Kong. 27-29 September 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM. Pp.243-247. DOI: 10.1145/3364335.3364372.
Teixeira, P., Sá, J.C., Silva, F.J.G., Santos, G., Ferreira, L.P., Fontoura, P., 2021. Connecting lean and green with sustainability towards a conceptual model. Journal Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 322, 129047. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129047.
Yin, R.K., 2017. Case study research: design and methods. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Yülek, M.A. and Santos, G., 2022. Why Income Gaps Persist: Productivity Gaps, (No-) Catch-up and Industrial Policies in Developing Countries. Journal of Economic Issues, [e-journal] 56(1), pp.158-183. DOI: 10.1080/00213624.2022.2020579.
Zgodavova, K., Lengyel, L. and Golemanov, L.A., 2008. Contribution to the Research and Education of Innovation Engineering and New Product Development at the University. In: M. Iskander, ed., Innovative Techniques in Instruction Technology, E-learning, E-assessment, and Education. Dordrecht: Springer. Pp.261-267. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8739-4_46.
Authors
da Silva Gomes, F. ., Camargo, P. R., Salvador da Motta Reis, J., Diogo, G. M., Cardso, R. P., Medeiros de Barros, J. G., de Souza Sampaio , N. A., Barbosa, L. C., & Santos, G. (2022). The Main Benefits of Application of Six Sigma for Productive Excellence. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 26(3), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v26i3.1712
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