Pollution Credit Certificates Theory: An Analysis on the Quality of Solid Waste Management in Brazil
Abstract
Purpose: This paper aims to introduce an economic instrument called Theory of Pollution Credit Certificates in the management of municipal solid waste in Brazil, in order to create opportunities to achieve the goal established in the above mentioned policy at lowest possible social costs.
Methodology/Approach: The methodology adopted has as a starting point the “constructo” of a scenario in which a city comprised of five brazilian districts produces its urban solid waste made up of 50% organic material. In the proposed scenario, similar to what happens in practice, a fee for collection and treatment of organic material would be charged for two different situations.
Findings: The result showed that the use of Pollution Credit Certificates Theory has a better cost-effectiveness for solid waste management because it allows reaching the environmental goal at a lower cost to society.
Research Limitation/Implication: Subjectivity of the analysis, due to the “constructo” proposition in the studies.
Originality/Value of paper: From the results obtained, we inferred that the use of the Pollution Certificates Theory for the management of brazilian municipal solid waste benefits from economies of scale as it allows in the scenario determined, that districts sell their spaces at the landfill and parallel to this, to promote the practice of composting organic waste in the municipality.
References
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Johari, A., Alkali, H., Hashim, H., I. Ahmed, S. and Mat, R., 2014. Municipal Solid Waste Management and Potential Revenue from Recycling in Malaysia. Modern Applied Science, [e-journal] 8(4), pp.37-49. DOI: 10.5539/mas.v8n4p37.
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Nijkamp, P. and Kourtit, K., 2017. City and Health: An Exploratory Overview of Research Issues. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 21(1), p.81-91. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v21i1.789.
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Santos, D., Rebelo, M. and Santos, G., 2017. The Integration of certified Management Systems. Case Study – Organizations located at the district of Braga, Portugal. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, pp.964-971.
Santos, G., Doiro, M., Mandado, E. and Silva, R., 2019a. Engineering learning objectives and computer assisted tools. European Journal of Engineering Education, [e-journal] 44(4), pp.616-628. DOI: 10.1080/03043797.2018.1563585.
Santos, G., Félix, M.J., Doiro, M., Mandado, E. and Sá, J.C., 2020. On the Concept of an Integrated and Lean Model of Product Development Proposed for Intellectual Property Creation and Competitive Economies. International Journal of Intellectual Property Management, [e-journal] 10(4), pp.409-435. DOI: 10.1504/IJIPM.2020.112412.
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Santos, G., Mendes, F. and Barbosa, J., 2011. Certification and integration of management systems: the experience of Portuguese small and medium enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 19(17-18), pp.1965-1974. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.06.017.
Santos, G., Rebelo, M., Barros, S., Silva, R., Pereira, M., Ramos, G. and Nuno Lopes, N., 2014. Developments regarding the integration of the Occupational Safety and Health with Quality and Environment Management Systems (2014). In: I. Kavouras and M.C.G. Chalbot, 2014. Occupational Safety and Health – Public Health in the 21st Century. New York: The Nova Science Publishers. Chapter 6.
Santos, G., Rebelo, M., Lopes, N., Alves, M.R. and Silva, R., 2016. Implementing and certifying ISO 14001 in Portugal: motives, difficulties and benefits after ISO 9001 certification. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 27(11-12), pp.1211-1223. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2015.1065176.
Santos, G., Sá, J.C., Félix, M.J., Barreto, L., Carvalho, F., Doiro, M., Zgodavová, K. and Stefanović, M., 2021. New Needed Quality Management Skills for Quality Managers 4.0. Sustainability, [e-journal] 13, 22p. DOI: 10.3390/su13116149.
Silva, S., Sá, J.C., Silva, F.J.G., Ferreira, L.P., Santos, G., 2020. Lean Green—The Importance of Integrating Environment into Lean Philosophy—A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 122, pp. 211-219.
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Yan, J., Huang, Q., Lu, S., Li, X. and Chi, Y., 2016. Thermal Treatment Techniques: Incineration, Gasification, and Pyrolysis. Sustainable Solid Waste Management, pp.149-185.
Zarea, M.A., Moazed, H., Ahmadmoazzam, M., Malekghasemi, S. and Jaafarzadeh, N., 2019. Life cycle assessment for municipal solid waste management: a case study from Ahvaz, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, [e-journal] 191(3), p.131. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7273-y.
Zgodavova, K., Bober, P., Majstorovic, V., Monkova, K., Santos, G. and Juhaszova, D., 2020. Innovative methods for small mixed batches production system improvement: The case of a bakery machine manufacturer. Sustainability, [e-journal] 12, 6266. DOI: 10.3390/su12156266.
Africano, N., Rodrigues, A.S. and Santos, G., 2019. The main benefits of the Implementation of the Quality Management System (QMS) in Higher Education Institutions in Angola. Quality Innovation Prosperity Journal, [e-journal] 23(3), pp.122-136.
Allesch, A. and Brunner, P.H., 2014. Assessment methods for solid waste management: A literature review. Waste Management & Research, [e-journal] 32(6), pp.461-473. DOI: 10.1177/0734242X14535653.
Alwaeli, M., 2015. An Overview of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Poland. The Current Situation, Problems and Challenges. Environment Protection Engineering, [e-journal] 41(4), pp.181-193. DOI: 10.5277/epe150414.
Araújo, R., Santos, G., Costa, J.B. and Sá, J.C., 2019. The Quality Management System as a Driver of Organizational Culture: An Empirical Study in the Portuguese Textile Industry. Quality Innovation Prosperity journal, [e-journal] 23(1), pp.1-24. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i1.1132.
Arena, U. and Di Gregorio, F., 2014. A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, [e-journal] 85, pp.54-66. DOI: 10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2013.05.008.
Barbosa, L.C.F.M, Oliveira, O.J. and Santos, G., 2018. Proposition for the alignment of the integrated management systems (quality, environmental and safety) with the business strategy. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal] 12(4), pp.925-940. DOI: 10.18421/IJQR12.04-09.
Barbosa, L.C.F.M., Mathias, M.A.S., Santos, G. and De Oliveira, O.J., 2020. How the Knowledge of the Major Researchers Is Forging the Business Strategy Paths: Trends and Forecasts from the State of the Art. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 24(3), pp.1-20. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v24i3.1404.
Bing, X., Bloemhof, J.M., Ramos, T.R.P., Barbosa-Povoa, A.P., Wong, C.Y. and van der Vorst, J.G.A.J., 2016. Research challenges in municipal solid waste logistics management. Waste Management, [e-journal] 48, pp.584-592. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.11.025.
Bravi, L., Santos, G., Pagano, A. and Murmura, F., 2020. Environmental management system according to ISO 14001:2015 as a driver to sustainable development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, [e-journal] 27(6), pp.2599-2614. DOI: 10.1002/csr.1985.
Compromisso Empresarial Para Reciclagem (CEMPRE), 2018. Municipal waste: integrated management manual. [online] São Paulo-SP: CEMPRE. Available at:
Costa, A.R., Barbosa, C., Santos, G. and Alves, M.R., 2019. Six Sigma: Main Metrics and R Based Software for Training Purposes and Practical Industrial Quality Control. Quality Innovation Prosperity journal, [e-journal] 23(2), pp.83-100. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v23i2.1278.
Deus, R.M., Battistelle, R.A.G. and Silva, G.H.R., 2017. Current and future environmental impact of household solid waste management scenarios for a region of Brazil: carbon dioxide and energy analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 155, pp.218-228.
Dong, J., Chi, Y., Zou, D., Fu, C., Huang, Q. and Ni, M., 2014. Energy–environment–economy assessment of waste management systems from a life cycle perspective: Model development and case study. Applied Energy, [e-journal] 114(C), pp.400-408. DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.09.037.
Espuny, M., Faria Neto, A., da Motta Reis, J.S., dos Santos Neto, S.T., Nunhes, T.V. and de Oliveira, O.J., 2021. Building New Paths for Responsible Solid Waste Management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, [e-journal] 193(7), p.442. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09173-0.
Félix, M.J., Santos, G., Barroso, A. and Silva, P., 2018. The transformation of wasted space in unban vertical gardens with the contribution of design to improving the quality of life. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal] 12(4), pp.803-822. DOI: 10.18421/IJQR12.04-02.
Gupta, N., Yadav, K.K. and Kumar, V., 2015. A review on current status of municipal solid waste management in India. Journal of Environmental Sciences, [e-journal] 37, pp.206-217. DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.01.034.
Halkos, G.E. and Paizanos, E.A., 2016. Environmental Macroeconomics: Economic Growth, Fiscal Spending and Environmental Quality. International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics, [e-journal] 9(3–4), pp.321-362. DOI: 10.1561/101.00000079.
Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas (IPT), 2016. Segunda etapa do Projeto RSU Energia tem início com levantamento sobre a geração de resíduos sólidos. [online] São Paulo/SP: Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas. Available at:
Johari, A., Alkali, H., Hashim, H., I. Ahmed, S. and Mat, R., 2014. Municipal Solid Waste Management and Potential Revenue from Recycling in Malaysia. Modern Applied Science, [e-journal] 8(4), pp.37-49. DOI: 10.5539/mas.v8n4p37.
Laurent, A., Bakas, I., Clavreul, J., Bernstad, A., Niero, M., Gentil, E., Hauschild, M.Z. and Christensen, T.H., 2014. Review of LCA studies of solid waste management systems – Part I: Lessons learned and perspectives. Waste Management, [e-journal] 34(3), pp.573-588. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2013.10.045.
Leoni, R.C., Sampaio, N.A.S. and Corrêa, S.M., 2017. Estatística Multivariada Aplicada ao Estudo da Qualidade do Ar. Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia, [e-journal] 32(2), pp.235-241.DOI: 10.1590/0102-77863220005.
Ma, H., Ho, Y. and Fu, H., 2011. Solid waste related research in Science Citation Index Expanded. Arch. Environ. Sci. 5, pp.89-100.
Miezah, K., Obiri-Danso, K., Kádár, Z., Fei-Baffoe, B. and Mensah, M.Y., 2015. Municipal solid waste characterization and quantification as a measure towards effective waste management in Ghana. Waste Management, [e-journal] 46, pp.15-27. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.009.
Murmura, F., Bravi, L. and Santos, G., 2021. Sustainable process and product innovation in the eyewear sector: The role of industry 4.0 enabling technologies. Sustainability, [e-journal] 13(1), pp.1-17. DOI: 10.3390/su13010365.
Nijkamp, P. and Kourtit, K., 2017. City and Health: An Exploratory Overview of Research Issues. Quality Innovation Prosperity, [e-journal] 21(1), p.81-91. DOI: 10.12776/qip.v21i1.789.
Rathi, S., 2006. Alternative approaches for better municipal solid waste management in Mumbai, India. Waste Management, [e-journal] 26(10), pp.1192-1200. DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2005.09.006.
Rebelo, M., Santos, G. and Silva, R., 2015. Integration of Standardized Management Systems: A Dilemma? Systems, [e-journal] 3, pp.45-59. DOI: 10.3390/systems3020045.
Reis, J.S.M., Espuny, M., Nunhes, T.V., Sampaio, N.A.S., Isaksson, R., Campos, F.C. and Oliveira, O.J., 2021. Striding towards Sustainability: A Framework to Overcome Challenges and Explore Opportunities through Industry 4.0. Sustainability, [e-journal] 13(9), 28p. DOI: 10.3390/su13095232.
Ribeiro, F., Santos, G., Rebelo, M. and Silva, R., 2017. Integrated Management Systems: trends for Portugal in the 2025 horizon. Procédia Manufacturing [e-journal] 13, pp.1191-1198.
Sá, J.C., Barreto, L., Amaral. A., Carvalho. F. and Santos, G.,2019. Perception of the importance to implement ISO 9001 in organizations related to people linked to quality – an empirical study. International Journal for Quality Research, [e-journal]13(4), pp.1055-1070.
Sá, J.C., Vaz, S., Carvalho, O., Morgado, L., Lima V., Fonseca, L., Doiro, M. and Santos, G., 2020. A model of integration ISO 9001 with Lean six sigma and main benefits achieved. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 10, 26p. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2020.1829969.
Santos, D., Rebelo, M. and Santos, G., 2017. The Integration of certified Management Systems. Case Study – Organizations located at the district of Braga, Portugal. Procedia Manufacturing, 13, pp.964-971.
Santos, G., Doiro, M., Mandado, E. and Silva, R., 2019a. Engineering learning objectives and computer assisted tools. European Journal of Engineering Education, [e-journal] 44(4), pp.616-628. DOI: 10.1080/03043797.2018.1563585.
Santos, G., Félix, M.J., Doiro, M., Mandado, E. and Sá, J.C., 2020. On the Concept of an Integrated and Lean Model of Product Development Proposed for Intellectual Property Creation and Competitive Economies. International Journal of Intellectual Property Management, [e-journal] 10(4), pp.409-435. DOI: 10.1504/IJIPM.2020.112412.
Santos, G., Gomes, S., Braga, V., Braga, A., Lima, V. and Teixeira, P., 2019. Value creation through quality and innovation - a case study on Portugal. TQM Journal, [e-journal] 31(6), pp.928-947.
Santos, G., Mendes, F. and Barbosa, J., 2011. Certification and integration of management systems: the experience of Portuguese small and medium enterprises. Journal of Cleaner Production, [e-journal] 19(17-18), pp.1965-1974. DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.06.017.
Santos, G., Rebelo, M., Barros, S., Silva, R., Pereira, M., Ramos, G. and Nuno Lopes, N., 2014. Developments regarding the integration of the Occupational Safety and Health with Quality and Environment Management Systems (2014). In: I. Kavouras and M.C.G. Chalbot, 2014. Occupational Safety and Health – Public Health in the 21st Century. New York: The Nova Science Publishers. Chapter 6.
Santos, G., Rebelo, M., Lopes, N., Alves, M.R. and Silva, R., 2016. Implementing and certifying ISO 14001 in Portugal: motives, difficulties and benefits after ISO 9001 certification. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, [e-journal] 27(11-12), pp.1211-1223. DOI: 10.1080/14783363.2015.1065176.
Santos, G., Sá, J.C., Félix, M.J., Barreto, L., Carvalho, F., Doiro, M., Zgodavová, K. and Stefanović, M., 2021. New Needed Quality Management Skills for Quality Managers 4.0. Sustainability, [e-journal] 13, 22p. DOI: 10.3390/su13116149.
Silva, S., Sá, J.C., Silva, F.J.G., Ferreira, L.P., Santos, G., 2020. Lean Green—The Importance of Integrating Environment into Lean Philosophy—A Case Study. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 122, pp. 211-219.
Sindicato das Empresas de Limpeza Urbana (SELUR), 2011. Guia de orientação para adequação dos Municípios à Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS). São Paulo: ABLP.
Sindicato das Empresas de Limpeza Urbana (SELUR), 2018. Índice De Sustentabilidade Da Limpeza Urbana. 3th ed. São Paulo: ABLP.
Sindicato das Empresas de Limpeza Urbana (SELUR), 2019. Índice De Sustentabilidade Da Limpeza Urbana. 4th ed. São Paulo: ABLP.
Talaprata, S., Santos, G., Uddin, K. and Carvalho, F., 2019. Main benefits of Integrated Management Systems Through Literature Review. International Journal of Quality Research, [e-journal] 13(4), pp.1037-1054. DOI: 10.24874/IJQR13.04-19.
Teixeira, P., Sá, J.C., Silva, F.J.G. Silva, Ferreira, L.P., Santos G., P. Fontoura, P., 2021. Connecting lean and green with sustainability towards a conceptual model. Journal of Cleaner Production [e-journal] 322, 16p. DOI: DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129047.
Wang, K., Yin, H. and Chen, Y., 2019. The effect of environmental regulation on air quality: A study of new ambient air quality standards in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 215, pp.268-279.
Word Bank Group, 2014. What a Waste: A Global Review of Solid Waste Management. [online] Word Bank Group. Retrieved from:
Yan, J., Huang, Q., Lu, S., Li, X. and Chi, Y., 2016. Thermal Treatment Techniques: Incineration, Gasification, and Pyrolysis. Sustainable Solid Waste Management, pp.149-185.
Zarea, M.A., Moazed, H., Ahmadmoazzam, M., Malekghasemi, S. and Jaafarzadeh, N., 2019. Life cycle assessment for municipal solid waste management: a case study from Ahvaz, Iran. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, [e-journal] 191(3), p.131. DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7273-y.
Zgodavova, K., Bober, P., Majstorovic, V., Monkova, K., Santos, G. and Juhaszova, D., 2020. Innovative methods for small mixed batches production system improvement: The case of a bakery machine manufacturer. Sustainability, [e-journal] 12, 6266. DOI: 10.3390/su12156266.
Authors
Jardim Faria de Araujo, M. ., Faria de Araújo, M. V. ., de Araujo Jr, A. H. ., Medeiros de Barros, J. G. ., de Almeida, M. da G. ., Bastos da Fonseca, B. ., da Motta Reis, J. S. ., Ferreira Motta Barbosa, L. C., Santos, G., & de Souza Sampaio , N. A. . (2021). Pollution Credit Certificates Theory: An Analysis on the Quality of Solid Waste Management in Brazil. Quality Innovation Prosperity, 25(3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v25i3.1574
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